Algorithms that add up to magic

Magic Squares are simple mathematical curios. They are just grids of numbers but with the magical property that their rows, columns and diagonals add up to the same total. The earliest known is from China and dates back to 2800 B.C. Great mathematician Leonhard Euler was interested in them. Victorian computer scientists, Ada Lovelace and Charles Babbage played with them. US Founding Father Benjamin Franklin did too. German painter and printmaker, Albrecht Dürer created a woodcut of one.

Magic Squares fascinate, so what links to computer science are there. We will see...