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Viva the scientific revolution
Thomas Kuhn, who studied the history of science, argues that science moves forward through political revolutions. At any one time there are theories that everyone believes. This is called the normal science phase and scientists work day to day with the current theories. However scientists who don't agree, don't get published so easily, and find it hard to get any money to do research. All the effort goes into the current way of thinking (or paradigm). Slowly over a period of time the current theories make wrong predictions, errors turn up, they are ignored, till eventually there are too many. A crisis ensues, and a paradigm shift occurs. Everyone starts to believe the new theory, and the normal science phase begins again ... till the next big jump.